FROM ORE TO FERRONICKEL DESCRIPTION OF THE …
The raw ferronickel with 13%Ni needs further refining to become ferronickel with approximately 20% Ni. This process takes place inside the converter. Oxygen is blown inside the liquid raw …
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Process & Products
Our ferronickel is shipped in bulk or in 1.8t bags from North Macedonia to major steel makers in Europe and internationally. The physical characteristics of the ferronickel granules mean that they are cost-efficient to handle and process, while remaining contamination free.
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RKEF Lateritic Nickel Rotary Kiln
Rotary Kiln-Electric Furnace (RKEF) Pyrometallurgical Ferronickel Process. The rotary kiln-electric furnace process is an emerging ferronickel smelting technology in recent years. Factories using RKEF smelting technology have achieved good economic benefits, so this pyro-nickel smelting process has been widely used around the world.
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The Nickel Production Methods from Laterites and …
Regarding the R/K-E/F process used in Greek Fe-Ni, it is characterized by its worldwide acceptance and reliability (more than 77% of world Fe-Ni production comes from this process). ... Ferronickel (Fe-Ni) production from oxidized Ni …
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Valorization of Solid Residue from the Lateritic Nickel Ore …
The optimum reduction process can produce ferronickel contains 5.67% and 71.58% of nickel and iron grade with 97.77% and 32.50% of recovery generated from the reduction of the residue pellet containing 10 wt% sodium sulfate and 1 wt% of anthracite coal at temperature 1150 °C for 60 min. The ferronickel size increases with the reductant dosage ...
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Improving the rotary kiln-electric furnace process for …
Ferronickel contains 60–80 wt% Fe and 40–20 wt% Ni and is a feedstock for manufacturing stainless steel and other ferrous alloys. The primary pyrometallurgical route to …
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Advances and Innovations in Ferronickel-Making
He and co-workersinvented the direct reduction process of composite binder pellets and three plants were set up in China based on the invention. He proposed the innovative composite agglomeration process of …
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Production of Ferroalloys
The term Ferroalloy refers to various alloys of iron with a high proportion of one or more other elements such as chromium, manganese, and silicon. Ferroalloys are primarily used in the production of steels, stainless steels, and other grades of alloy steels as raw materials. They impart distinctive qualities to ferrous materials such as steels and cast irons or serve important …
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Viscosity and Structure Evolution of Slag in Ferronickel …
The SiO2 fractions in laterite are quite high; thus, certain amount of lime should be added into the slag to achieve good fluidity and desulfurization capacity in industrial smelting process. However, this operation leads to additional cost of lime. In addition, the increase of slag volume decreases the effective furnace volume. To avoid such problem, partial reduction of …
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Optimalization of the Ferronickel Production …
Desulphurization of Ferronickel in the converters with oxygen is the most complex part of the technological process in the Drenas foundry. Sulphur in the ferronickel melting is mostly in the form of FeS, with a melting temperature of …
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An Overview of Nickel Utilization from Laterite Ore
It is the most economical way to deal with high-grade saprolitic laterite ore. This process was originally developed from the Krupp-Renn process for ironmaking in Germany. In 1930s, Nippon Yakin Kogyo Co. Ltd. in Japan firstly used this process to produce ferronickel from laterite ores and is still running [88, 89]. The company is equipped with ...
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Thermal characteristics of ferronickel slag on roasting process …
Thermal characteristics of ferronickel slag on roasting process with addition of sodium carbonate (Na 2 CO 3) A B Prasetyo 1,3, A Maksum 1,2, J W Soedarsono 1 and F Firdiyono 3. ... Samples of ferronickel slag added with sodium carbonate were also analyzed using TG / DTA. The results obtained are 2 endothermic peaks at temperatures of 90.6°C ...
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Thermodynamic Analysis of Sulfurization of Ferronickel
In the smelting process, the ferronickel alloys are in liquid phase at high temperatures. The sulfurization reaction can be regarded as a liquid–liquid or a gas–liquid reaction process. For the sake of convenience in the calculations, it was assumed in the thermodynamic calculations using FactSage that the ferronickel alloy contains 30% ...
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Ferronickel smelting plant Electric furnace off-gas …
Kawasaki's ferronickel smelting plant follows the process shown in Fig. 1. Ferronickel ore with 1.8-2.2% nickel content is first dried in a rotary dryer, then reduced in a rotary kiln. Next, the …
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Effect of thiosulfate, sulfide, copper (II), cobalt (II)/ (III) and
Rates of nickel dissolution from particle leaching and electrochemical tests are of the same order (~10 –4 mol m –2 s –1).Pure nickel, ferronickel alloys and roasted calcines in typical Caron lixiviant system show similar leaching curves with 70%–90% Ni extraction depending on the Ni mole fraction of the feed, but iron dissolution is slow and low (< 2%) due …
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Process for producing ferronickel by coal synthesis gas
The invention provides a process for producing ferronickel by coal synthesis gas, which comprises the following steps: 1) preparing coal synthesis gas and nickel iron ore pellets; 2) purifying and preheating coal-made synthesis gas, then sending the coal-made synthesis gas into a reaction shaft furnace from the lower part, adding the nickel iron ore pellets into the reaction …
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PT ANTAM Tbk | Nickel
To produce ferronickel, saprolite nickel ore were first treated to become calcine through a process that crushes, dries, heats and adds certain consumables to reduce acidity, using various machines. ANTAM had 3 ferronickel smelters …
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Material and energy flows in rotary kiln-electric furnace smelting …
The rotary kiln-electric furnace process is the one of the most widely adopted technological process for ferronickel smelting production. A schematic of the RKEF process with rotary dryer, rotary kiln and electric furnace is shown in Fig. 1. As depicted, the RKFF process involves three main processes: the dehydration process in rotary dryer ...
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Ferronickel Generation from Nickel Sulfide Concentrates by …
The disadvantages associated with the conventional nickel extraction process are the considerable amounts of sulfur dioxide emissions in the smelting process and the complex Ni refining steps to produce a marketable product. ... Heating the materials at 1223 K followed by slow cooling to 973 to 1073 K produced large ferronickel particles of d80 ...
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Recycling and comprehensive utilization of ferronickel slag …
The technological process for producing BFS using blast furnace smelting of ferronickel is as follows (Wang, D. et al., 2018): nickel ore (laterite) is mixed with limestone and coke after drying, crushing and sieving, and then sent to the blast furnace for smelting at 1500–1600 °C. Liquid ferronickel and molten BFS are formed in the blast ...
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Process simulation and exergy analysis of two nickel …
The production of Ferronickel from laterite ore was chosen as the pyrometallurgical process of the simulation study because laterites are more readily smelted into Ferronickel alloys compared to nickel metal due to its smelting thermodynamics (Swinbourne, 2014). Falcondo, short for "Falconbridge Dominicana, C. por A." is the ...
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RKEF Nickel Process In Nickel Smelting Plant
The same ore RKEF process produces higher ferronickel grades than other processes. Laterite nickel ore rotary kiln 3. Environmentally friendly, solid waste recycling. The whole process from the water-containing charge entering the rotary kiln to the iron and slag tapping in the submerged arc furnace, the charge is completely closed. There is a ...
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A life cycle assessment of a new laterite processing technology
The DNi Process provides a lower impact score in general compared to both Ferronickel and HPAL. The process is more sustainable compared to the Ferronickel process which produces large amount of CO 2 and slag from its smelting unit process. Moreover, the production process of nitric acid is less toxic compared to sulphuric acid and only a small ...
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From source to sink via a ferronickel smelting process: …
Ferronickel smelters are highly waste intensive industrial processes. In the Larymna Bay (LB) of the Evoikos Gulf (Greece), the slag produced after the processing of lateritic ores for nickel extraction used to be discharged to an authorized marine area (slag disposal area; SDA). ... The production of Ni from lateritic ores is a highly waste ...
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Preparation of ferronickel from nickel laterite via coal-based
The sticking phenomenon between molten slag and refractory is one of the crucial problems when preparing ferronickel from laterite ore using rotary hearth furnace or rotary kiln …
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Dissolution of ferronickel slag in the hydrothermal process …
The dissolution of rare earth elements (REEs) in the hydrothermal process of ferronickel slag using NaOH solution were significantly affected by particle size, especially for Nb that reached extraction percentage up to 99.54%. However, the extraction percentage of Al, Ce, Fe, Mg and Si are likely not affected substantially by particle size of ...
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The Aggregation and Growth of Ferronickel Particles During …
The main source of nickel has gradually become the recovery of ferronickel concentrate from low-grade laterite nickel ore. In this work, high-grade ferronickel concentrate was prepared by a reduction roasting-magnetic separation process, and low-grade ferronickel concentrate and CaF 2 were used as composite additives to promote the aggregation and …
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Euronickel Industries
Euronickel produces high quality, low carbon ferronickel granules comprising approximately 20% nickel and 80% iron that are primarily used in the production of stainless steel. Euronickel has achieved ISO 9001 Quality Management certification. The ferronickel produced by Euronickel is registered under the European REACH regulation. Read More
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Effect of the pH with NaOH additives on the precipitation process …
2.2 Methods. 2.2a Ferronickel preparation: The ferronickel smelting using a mini blast furnace (MBF) was employed to yield the ferronickel from nickel laterite ore.Then, the ferronickel was ground using a handheld grinder equipped with diamond grinding wheels until it reached a particle size small enough to pass a 50-micron sieve 1).. 2.2b Leaching process: …
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Assessing the energy and greenhouse gas footprints of …
As the ferronickel smelting process consumes a substantial amount of coal (typically 3.9 t/t FeNi), the use of biochar in place of coal represents a significant opportunity to reduce the non-renewable (i.e. fossil fuel-based) greenhouse gas …
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